Hamlet and Ophelia’s Madness Essay - 674 Words

The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is one of Shakespeare’s most tragic plays. Most of the characters in this play suffered a heartbreaking death, although, all of the characters faced anger, regret, madness or distress. Madness was a reoccurring theme in this play, two characters portrayed this more than others. Ophelia and Hamlet faced similar fates, with similarities and differences along the way, all to do with their madness. Hamlet and Ophelia were two young people in love and were supposedly driven mad by their relationship and passion for one another. When they actually went mad, it was after the death of each of their fathers. When Ophelia entered and was singing and talking to the King and Queen in Act 4, Scene 5, the King†¦show more content†¦His madness was argued to be an act to confuse Claudius. He acted crazy to cover his plans of seeking revenge on Claudius, when talking to Polonius he acted completely mad, â€Å"For in the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion-Have you a daughter?†(Hamlet 2.2.95) Hamlet used much blabber, such as this, when talking to anyone close to Claudius. As the play went on his madness was more and more liable. He started becoming very irrational and distracted by his plans. When Ophelia gives Hamlets letters back he goes into a rage, yelling â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery.†(Hamlet (3.1.131) The most well known action Hamlet committed was when he stabbed Polonius in a rash decision, hoping it was Claudius, â€Å"O, what a rash and bloody deed is this!â€Å"(Hamlet 3.4.171) One thing that brought him one step closer to going mad was Ophelia’s death. Hamlet may have been acting in the beginning but by the end of his devious plan to avenge his father, he lost himself and actually caused himself to go mad. Ophelia was such an innocent character. She was young and naà ¯ve. Ophelia was faced with many dilemmas. She was in a relationship with Prince Hamlet, who was very distracted and eventually went mad himself. Ophelia’s madness started with an overbearing, over protective father. He controlled Ophelia and used her with out thinking of her feelings, â€Å"I must tell you, you do not understand yourself so clearly†¦What isShow MoreRelatedOphelias Madness in Hamlet612 Words   |  3 PagesMadness is usually misinterpreted and misconstrued. Sometimes it is faked, sometimes it is nonsensical. However, that is not always the case. Ophelia’s madness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet is real and of great significance; furthermore, when seen with a discerning eye, Ophelia’s actions might not seem as irrational and without meaning and cause. Shakespeare displays Ophelia’s madness through her deranged singing and through the reactions of the other character to her strange behaviors. Throughout ActRead MoreOphelias Descent to Madness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagescould not take care of themselves. Shakespeare’s Hamlet shows how men treated and thought of women during the 1500s. There was an order most did not interfere with; however, some did. In the 1500s, women were supposed to conform to men’s wishes. Throughout the play, Ophelia first obeyed her father and brother’s wishes, ignored the social norms later, and then went mad, which caused her to never gain her own identity. To stay in control, the men in Hamlet taught Ophelia to fear her every day, naturalRead MoreThe Symbolism Of Ophelia s Hamlet 1500 Words   |  6 Pagesread and interpreted differently by two different readers? Text Analyzed: Shakespeare’s Hamlet Part of the Course to Which the Text Corresponds to: Part 4 Thesis: In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, Ophelia’s role would be interpreted as a plot device by a modern English woman and as a victim by an Elizabethan woman. This would occur because of their understanding of the symbolism of Ophelia’s actions in madness, the context surrounding Hamlet’s view of her, and their characterization of Ophelia. Read MoreThe Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesSubject Instructor Date The Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character The name Ophelia has been most commonly associated with William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, where she is referred to as the title characters mad lover. She is believed to have killed herself out of madness by drowning herself in a river. Interpretations about Ophelias character have ranged from being a woman who lost her sanity upon her father, Polonius death to being the object of hatred by Hamlet. However, despite her supporting characterRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Ophelia s Struggle And Madness1088 Words   |  5 Pages1 Pregnant with Madness— Ophelia’s Struggle and Madness in Hamlet Yi-Chi Chen Intergrams 11.2(2011): http://benz.nchu.edu.tw/~intergrams/intergrams/112/112-cyc.pdf ISSN: 1683-4186 Abstract Madness in Hamlet is one of the crucial themes for Shakespeare to depict the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Due to Claudius’s usurpation of the Old Hamlet’s crown and queen, characters such as Hamlet, Ophelia, and Gertrude suffer seriously from betrayal, resentment, and enragementRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pagesplay â€Å"Hamlet,† we are introduced to the sorrow and tragic character of Ophelia. In spite of a comparatively marginal role throughout the play, Ophelia actually has quite a substantial impact on our understanding of the main character, Hamlet. With Ophelia’s highly controversial and often debated death, we are left to ponder about what truly constitutes action, attempting to make meaning of actions with relation to context. Specifically, through examining Gertrude’s description of Ophelia’s deathRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Hamlet, each character stands out in unique ways. Madness is one of the crucial themes as Shakespeare depicts the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Though she is generally read as a minor character, Ophelia’s madness reveals the struggle of the female character that attempts to have a voice of her own. Ophelia’s life certainly seems tragic based on Aristotle s definition of tragedy, which says that â€Å"A tragedy is the imitationRead More Ophelia as a Foil to Shakespeares Hamlet Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesOphelia as a Foil to Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚      In Shakespeares tragedy, Hamlet, the audience finds a docile, manipulated, scolded, victimized young lady named Ophelia. Ophelia is a foil to Hamlet. Plays have foils to help the audience better understand the more important characters in the play.   The character of Ophelia is necessary so that the audience will give Hamlet a chance to get over his madness and follow his heart.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similarities are an important part of being a foil. OneRead MoreHamlet, A Feminist Lens890 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet Through A Feminist Lens Hamlet can be viewed through a feminist lens by focusing on Ophelia and Gertrude and how various other male characters treat them. Ophelia and Gertrude are dismissed as characters through the entire play because they are women. Hamlet refers to women as â€Å"frailty,† implying that they are weak and are dependent on men. Reason suggests that with out the males, Ophelia and Gertrude would simply have no story. Within the first scene of Hamlet the reader discoversRead MoreMadness In Hamlet Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesan intervention. In Shakespeares Hamlet, the main character, Hamlet, decides to fake his own derangement in order to prove his uncle Claudius guilty of the murder of his brother, King Hamlet. To avoid anyone discovering him, he maintains his crazy act in front of his own love interest, Ophelia, perplexing her to the point of lunacy. One of the main contributors to Ophelia’s authentic madness is Hamlet’s pretense of insanity, leading to both Hamlet and Ophelia’s ultimate defeat. From the â€Å"big-picture†

How Unwed Fathers Are Seen As A Leading Social Problem

The book is about how unwed fathers are seen as a leading social problem, but goes on to explain the flaws that occur after pregnancy that lead to the end of the couple’s romance. The book looks at the bond between the father and child rather than that between the parents. The book also goes through how changes economically and culturally for the urban poor as well as the obstacles they must overcome has changed fatherhood. The introduction begins with quotes from people who mention that fathers get women pregnant and then leave the woman and the child; they mention that men need to realize their responsibilities do not end with conception. The book summarizes these quotes as unwed fatherhood is one of the leading social problems, and these men are irresponsible and â€Å"hit and run.† A CBS special report, The Vanishing Family, was an interview of McSeed, a father of six from four different women. In the interview, he says the responsibility of raising the child is on the mother, not him. About four in every ten children born in America in 2008 were born outside of marriage, and they are disproportionately minority and poor. â€Å"Only about 6 percent of college-educated mothers’ births are nonmarital versus 60 percent of those of high school dropouts† (5). Scholars responded to this by studying single-parent families. The authors of the book went beyond the stereotypes to document the experiences of â€Å"110 white and black inner-city farhers† (6). Their studies began with theShow MoreRelatedDoing The Best I Can Book Review2227 Words   |  9 Pagesis about how unwed fathers are seen as a leading social problem, but goes on to explain the flaws that occur after pregnancy that lead to the end of the couple’s romance. The book looks at the bond between the father and child rather than that between the parents. The book also goes through how changes economically and culturally for the urban poor as well as the obstacles they must overcome has changed fatherhood. The introduction begins with quotes from people who mention that fathers get womenRead MoreEssay about The Results of Children in Fatherless Homes16087 Words   |  65 Pagesfamilies are harmful to children and to society. The children of single parents are more likely to do poorly in school, commit crimes, and become single parents themselves. In addition, the increase in single-parent families contributes to such social problems as poverty, crime, and a decline in the quality of public education. Divorce and out-of-wedlock childbirth are transforming the lives of American children. In the postwar generation more than 80 percent of children grew up in a family withRead MoreEssay The Future of Marriage in America9335 Words   |  38 Pageshttp://marriage.rutgers.edu/Publications/SOOU/TEXTSOOU2007.htm The State of Our Unions The Social Health of Marriage in America 2007 Essay: The Future of Marriage in America David Popenoe  © Copyright 2007 Introduction In this year’s essay, David Popenoe argues that long-term trends point to the gradual weakening of marriage as the primary social institution of family life. More Americans today are living together, marrying at older ages or not at all, and rearing children in cohabitingRead More The Fatherhood Movement Essay5325 Words   |  22 Pages Throughout the United States, more than one-third of children dont live with their biological fathers, and about 17 million of those children dont live with any father at all. Of those, roughly 40 percent havent seen their fathers in the last year. The over 500 Fathers Rights organizations are trying in a variety of ways to change these statistics because they believe that fathers are necessary to the intellectual, psychological and emotional well- being of all children. quot;Family valuesquot;Read More`` I Do But I Can t 3015 Words   |  13 Pagesdesire? These individuals that fight for rights to marry vary in race, gender, ethnicity, and r eligion all around the world they ask, plead and beg marriage equality. They are prohibited from marrying because society views their desire as abnormal. How far would a nation go to prevent a couple from getting married, threats, imprisonment maybe even death? Nationwide the U.S went as far as making laws and bans to prevent marriage of mixed races as early as the 1600’s. The U.S. created anti-miscegenationRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 PagesCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Adolescent pregnancy has long been a worldwide social and educational concern for the developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Many countries continue to experience high incidence of teenage pregnancy despite the intervention strategies that have been put in place. In 1990 approximately 530,000 teenagers in the United States became pregnant, 51% of whom gave birth (Coley Chase-Lansdale, 1998). Available literature suggests that fertilityRead MoreWomen as Commodity8915 Words   |  36 Pagesstate before. That women were treated as commodities on the early modern marriage exchange has, of course, been well established. Numerous social historians of the early modern period have documented the value attached to daughters as a means by which to advance family name and social position. Although marriage formations differed widely according to social ranking, as B.J. Sokol and Mary Sokol note in Shakespeare, Law, and Marriage, â€Å"the convention among the gentry and aristocracy was for marriagesRead MoreWomen as Commodity8899 Words   |  36 Pagesstate before. That women were treated as commodities on the early modern marriage exchange has, of course, been well established. Numerous social historians of the early modern period have documented the value attached to daughters as a means by which to advance family name and social position. Although marriage formations differed widely according to social ranking, as B.J. Sokol and Mary Sokol note in Shakespeare, Law, and Marriage, â€Å"the convention among the gentry and aristocracy was for marriagesRead More The Sound and the Fury Essay6993 Words   |  28 Pagesstone will be found unturned. This history of scholarship has paved a golden path leading to some of Faulkner’s most intriguing stylistic devices and intricate character and plot analysis. Faulkner’s inventive prose style is the subject of much scholarly criticism. In Stephen Ross’ essay, The ‘Loud World’ of Quentin Compson, Ross examines Quentin’s control of language in regards to his speec h and thought patterns and how Faulkner portrays them on the written page. Citing CoreyWall’s identificationRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesThe entire cosmos Two paths to Demonic Deviance Temptation Model: Individuals are tempted and persuaded by the devil Path of position (possession): Individuals lacks choice, not responsible for actions. The solution to this possession is exorcism How to diagnose the Handiwork of the Devil Trial by ordeal: accused would carry hot iron or walk on hot coals then they would wrap their wound, if the wounds werent infected, God had intervened and if they were infected he hadnt Trial by cold water:

Israel-Palestine Two-State vs One-State Solution Free Essays

string(133) " Historic precedents have shown through failed peacemaking processes that this land cannot be successfully partitioned by agreement\." What Does The Future Hold for Israel-Palestine? The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has proven to be one of the most complex and â€Å"intractable† conflicts of modern history – or as some may even add – of all time. And after many decades of failed attempts at peacemaking in this region, there still seems to be no conceivable end to the conflict. During those same decades, most of the parties involved as well as the international community have embraced the idea of a two-state solution, but the question we pose today asks whether this solution is still a viable option considering the present context, and if not, is it finally time to consider a one-state solution? This essay will argue that although a two-state solution remains the more desirable and popular option, keeping in-line with both nations’ desire for freedom, civic rights, dignity, statehood and nationhood, it may no longer be a possibility in the near future and as time passes. We will write a custom essay sample on Israel-Palestine: Two-State vs One-State Solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now A one-state solution also has its faults however, as it simply fails to address the issue of inevitable future conflicts and retaliation, which would stem from the most problematic symptom of a bi-national state: the reduction of Palestinian-Israelis to second-class citizens within their own country. Finally, the essay will attempt to show that regardless of what the more desirable and feasible option may be, the context today points to a de facto one-state reality, which some argue would ultimately need to be embraced as the only option. There is no solution but the two-state solution? Is a one-state solution feasible today? If it is, how optimal of a solution is it for both populations and state-entities? The answer seems to be negative mainly due to the fact that the Jewish-Israeli populace desires to remain a majority within their own state and similarly because the Jewish-Israeli state depends on a Jewish majority in order to vote-in and implement laws and policies, which are aimed to provide a safe home for the Jewish and not the Arab population as per the Balfour Declaration (1). Uniting all territories under one-same state would shift demographics in such a manner that Jewish-Israelis would become the minority within their own state, and thus they would put in jeopardy the Jewish component of what s now a democratic Jewish state. A one-state solution seems to be a utopian idea when we consider the immense sense of pride and victory the Palestinian and Israeli peoples attach to the concept of having and ruling over their own independent and sovereign state. History has shown time and again that no two entities have ever peacefully agreed and successfully managed to create a multi national state within one-same country, but rather they have favoured separate national states, or a two-state solution. Also, from a psychoanalytical and social approach, it appears almost completely improbable that two peoples, cultures and religions that have participated in such a long-standing intractable conflict would concede to the creation of only one state, since their motivational and cognitive biases as a result of distinct psychological processes would â€Å"render then unable to recognize as advantageous settlement terms† proposed by the other side (2). This would fully undermine the Palestinians’ fight for liberation and sovereignty and the Israelis’ struggle for existence and independence. Moreover, under one state, the Palestinians would perhaps suffer a reality of segregation and would shift their fight towards one for achieving their civil rights. This could potentially be achieved as it was done in South-Africa. However, it would ultimately lead towards a Jewish minority within the state and that would directly threaten the existence of a Jewish state. One could argue that Israelis would never agree to dismantle the Jewish state by contributing to the formation of an Arab majority within their own territory. Also, the realities in South-Africa were quite different from those in Israel-Palestine today. In fact, the struggle was of another nature: the black-Africans and white-Africans both fought for a one-state solution and the domination of that state, whereas the Palestinians and Israelis fight for the creation of their own independent states, therefore a one-state option is neither desired by the Israelis nor the Palestinians (3) (4). Furthermore, the involvement and conflict-resolution approaches of the international community during the South-African ordeal differed greatly from those of today, since Israel has a more complex relationship with the United-States than South-Africa ever did and an international boycott of Israel would ultimately fail as it would be interpreted as a repetition of the Holocaust, which began with the simple slogan â€Å"Don’t buy from the Jews† and which no one in their right mind desires today! 5) So, is a two-state solution a more viable option? One might think that a two-state option is a very remote possibility seeing the constant hostility from the Palestinian side, the crisis and disconnect between Hamas and the official Palestinian Authority, the fragmentation of the West Bank territory into districts due to growing Israeli settlements, and an almost inexistent peace process between the two nations in light of a unilateral Israeli approach to conflict resolution. However, it is also vital to underline that the lack of evidence of a one-state option being the optimal solution to the problem makes the route towards a two-state solution more compelling in comparison. In fact, by opting for a one-state solution and denying the Palestinian people their own independent state where they can freely live with dignity and enjoy full civic rights, Israel and the international community risk causing additional chaos, retaliation and a continuation of the already intractable war between these two nations. On the other hand, the reality we have today points de facto to the existence of a bi-national state, mainly as a result of Israel’s expansionist policies. In fact, living on what was d’antan Philistine are almost eleven million people, almost equally divided, half of whom – the Palestinians – are growing faster in number and will most inevitably become the majority (6). Historic precedents have shown through failed peacemaking processes that this land cannot be successfully partitioned by agreement. You read "Israel-Palestine: Two-State vs One-State Solution" in category "Essay examples" This means that the only way to achieve a two-state solution is by military force, which many would agree is not desirable, since it may generate the worst war to date. The greatest fear emanating from the adoption of a one-state solution, and which prompts many to favour the infamous two-state solution, is the creation of an apartheid state and second-class citizens as was the case in South-Africa. However, many fail to remember that only upon agreement to create a democratic bi-national state did South-Africa dissolve its apartheid component (7). This is not to say that an equitably shared i-national state would automatically be created when and if a one-state solution is put into place, but rather that a peaceful coexistence within a bi-national state is a possibility. In fact, one could defend that any attempt to separate the two entities would be impossible, since any territorial split would create displaced Palestinian and Israeli persons and refugees within both states. A two- state solution almost guarantees that having Palestinians and Israelis live under Israeli and Palestinian sovereignly respectively will additionally fuel discontent, retaliation and violent struggle. This would undermine any past attempt to reconcile the two parties and achieve peace, and would render any past accords and treaties useless. Furthermore, ruling two separate geographical entities – Gaza and the West Bank – under the same independent Palestinian state is an impractical and inefficient way of organizing institutions and governmental administrations, as it would complicate decision-making and even practical implementation of policies pertaining to resources, energy, security and social issues. For example, how could a Palestinian state survive without access to resources such as water and electricity, when Israel has almost completely taken control of water access in the West Bank and is the greatest supplier of electricity to the Palestinian territories? Also, how will these two geographically separate, yet politically united entities communicate, ensure safety for their citizens travelling through Israel in-between Gaza and the West Bank, organize transport and delivery of goods, services and energy to each part, and how will they reconcile their economies? The answers to most of these questions point towards a reality that would be quite impossible to accept and sustain. In addition, it is safe to say that the problem of a two-state solution runs a lot deeper. For example, the PA is quite weak as it lacks support in Gaza: it is lead by wealthy officials who have no interest in altering the Palestinian reality in the West Bank due to their investments in that region, the economy is unstable in that region, and it depends almost entirely on Israeli and American support and funding. If it became a sovereign state, Palestine’s economy would suffer, as it is greatly linked and depends on both Israel and the international community. From empirical evidence, as is the case with many European countries today and other African and South American countries some years ago, we know that a weak or crumbling economy spells political and social unrest, and therefore a two-state solution would fail to accomplish what a one-state solution may prevent: a failed state and extreme violent uprisings. Moreover, land disputes are an impediment for a clear-cut two-state solution. For example, ten percent of the West Bank would be annexed by Israel (8) as it forms part of permanent Israeli settlements and land-swaps would occur failing to provide a clear understanding of what would happen to Palestinians living on these â€Å"swapped† territories inside of Israel. For these reasons and more, it is quite unimaginable to even speak of a strong, stable and sovereign Palestinian state at the moment. In sum, neither option seems to be ideal, although on a personal note, I believe that a one-state solution would lead to yet another form of occupation, at least for some years or even generations to come, of lower-class Palestinian-Israelis by Jewish-Israelis as well as to more struggle for land and to more violence, since the Jewish inhabitants of the land evidently enjoy the upper economic and political hand in this conflict. As the South-African example depicts well, the one-state option would lead to an apartheid state for some time at least. Israeli-Jews inevitably would continue to hold onto the economic and socio-political power they enjoy today, which means that Palestinian-Israelis would become second-class citizens who will suffer discrimination in all spheres of life and who may even be compelled by law to participate in that which is the top source of their anguish and hate: the Israeli army. Both sides will forcibly persist in trying to augment their numbers in order to form the standing majority and the foreseeable and very unfortunate event that would unfold is another mid-twentieth century-type civil war. And however complicated a two-state solution may seem, it is an illusion to believe that the Israelis or the Palestinians for that matter would easily give up the idea of having their own independent state. There is no force in this world that could make these two nations give up this aspiration. However, on the other hand, it seems that if the idea of a two-state solution was brought to fruition today it would be a disaster for the Palestinian people, since the content of the solution would inevitably put them at a disadvantage in the context of today. In the end, as we can deduce from some of the evidence presented in this essay, one is still left with unanswered questions as well as with new questions pertaining respectively to the best possible option for Israel and Palestine as well as other foreseeable solutions that differ from the one and two-state solutions. References and Works Cited Al-Masri, Hani. â€Å"The Two-State Solution Is Still an Option. † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 27-30. Print. ?Avnrey, Uri. â€Å"One State: Solution or Utopia? Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 4 (2007): 7-12. Print. Awad, Samir. â€Å"Http://www. pij. org/details. php? id=1413. † Palestine-Israel Journal: Impact of the Revolutions in the Arab World on the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict AndFuture Prospects. Middle East Publications, 2012. Web. 04 Aug. 2012. http://www. pij. org/details. php? id=1413. Baskin, Gershon. â€Å"A Choice To Be Made. † Pal estine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 94-96. Print. Democracy in America Blog Correspondents. (2011). Palestine Statehood: A Strategic Mistake by Everyone. Available: (http://www. economist. com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/09/palestine- statehood-0). Last accessed 3rd Aug 2012. ?Dudai, Ron. â€Å"A Model for Dealing with the Past in the Israeli–Palestinian Context. † The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1 (2007): 249-67. Print. Ghanem, As’ad. â€Å"Cooperation Instead of Separation: A One-State Solution to Promote Israeli-Palestinian Peace. † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 13-19. Print. ?Hadi, A. B. A. The Balfour Declaration. † The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 164. 1 (1932): 12-21. Print. ?Kelman, Herbert C. â€Å"The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian National Identities: The Role of the Other in Existential Conflicts. † Journal of Social Issues 55. 3 (1999): 581-600. Print. ?Lindsay, Talmud. â€Å"Six South-African Lessons. † Palestine -Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 96-100. Print. Majdalani, Ahmad. â€Å"The Serious Threats Facing the Palestinian National Project. † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. (2007): 37-43. Print. Plenary, Sixty-sixth General Assembly. UN General Assembly Archives. 23 Sept. 2011. Peace Can Only Come through Negotiations, Responds Israel’s Prime Minister, Offering ‘Straightforward Discussion’. United Nations NHQ, United States of America, New York. Pollak, Joel. â€Å"A Northern Ireland Solution for the West Bank? † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 62-68. Print. ?Ruether, Rosemary, â€Å"Invisible Palestinians: Ideology and Reality in Israel†, Christian Century Publishing, (1987), p. 587. How to cite Israel-Palestine: Two-State vs One-State Solution, Essay examples

Affect Of Labeling On Consumer Purchase †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Affect Of Labeling On Consumer Purchase. Answer: Affect of labeling on consumer purchase decision Consumers are mostly seeking for high quality products at a reasonable price, this is the general conception. But needs change from product to product, the above requirement is for grocery or FMCG products. But if the product is a luxury item or service then the quality and price is both on the higher end. A color scheme or a logo is very important for a brand image; it helps in making an impression on the minds of a person. For example: red and white immediately reminds a person of Coco Cola (Solomon 2014, Vol 10). Customers appreciate if a thought and effort of the company is reflected in the packaging and branding of the product. Labeling is essential for the customers as it not only attracts the customers it also provides necessary information about the product or service. As the label on a product provides information about the price, quantity, quality etc, consumers can understand and identify the standard and grade of the item. The products are. Customers can easily compare th e product with the items of the same category and choose which will suite the requirement best and purchase accordingly. External marketing environment factors affect labeling in Australia External factors of the business environments are the ones which are not under the control of the business organization the six aspects are: government policies of the area of operation, natural forces, competition, technology, demographic factor and societal factors. Government Policies In Australia, government has some set rules as to what has to be mandatorily mentioned in the label. For example: According to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010(CCA), a seller cannot provide the consumer with give false, deceptive or misleading information. There are various industry specific guidelines and regulations as well which business organizations have to comply with. The sellers are expected to be aware of the obligations under Australian Consumer Law (ACL) if they claim to be made in Australia. Technology Technology used to create a product has to be mentioned as it increases the value of the product. For example: if the product is vegan and cruelty free it should be highlighted on the label as it increases the goodwill of the product and garners positive response (Andrews et al. 2014). Utilitarian value The utilitarian value if the amount of utility that a customer derives from a particular product or service that he or she has purchased keeping in mind the requirement of the products and the price associated with the product. It is essential as it brings out the real worth of the product or service. Examples:marketing of I Phone as it focuses on the prime feature of the device and gives an alluring experience to the user and Amazon markets itself as a place where an individual can find anything from A to Z. Hedonic value It can be defined as the element of a consumer apparent valuewhich is associated with the senses, feelings, and emotions particularly pertaining to pleasure. Hedonic means something that is related to utility. Examples:Marketing of quality walls magnum ice cream where the focus is on the indulgence of Belgium chocolate in the making of the ice cream that offers a rich taste. Marketing of any premium luxury brand is a perfect example of hedonic value like Dior perfumes and Gucci handbags etc ( Etemad-Sajadi and Lassaad 2015, 84). Reasons for purchase Maslows need hierarchy theory is based on the needs and requirements of the people. Demand or need is the basic reason for a person to purchase items. These needs raise upward form necessity to luxury depending on the purchase power and disposable income of an individual. Form the consumers perspective there are some of the major reasons of purchase: requirement of the product backed by the reasonable price of the product is the prime reason why a consumers buys a product. Furthermore, a customer sometimes gets inspired by someone else using a particular product and buys it even if he or she doesnt want it. Sense of pride is also one of the reasons for purchase. For example: if a person always wanted to buy a Fendi Handbag, the ownership of such an item is a matter of pride and accomplishment in the life of that person. Organic labeled products In Australia, an organization cannot label a product organic if it does not abide by the regulations laid down by the Australian Standard (AS 6000). The company first of all has to get certificate for providing such information on the label by institutions that are accredited by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. The products which are indicated to be organic should be result of farming that avoids the usage of man-made fertilizers and pesticides, growth regulators and additives. Apart from this, products which include genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are also prohibited from claiming the organic tag. Environmental sustainability is the prime idea of organic products along with implementation of innovation in the production of the item. To participate in sustainably and the idea of using pure and non-chemical goods initiates the consumers to buy organic products over any chemical infused goods. Made in Australia label For the products that want to label Made in Australia, has to follow certain policies and regulations as laid down by the government. An item if has been developed and underwent changes in its last substantial transformation in that country can be deemed as made in that particular nation. It does not necessarily have to mean that all the ingredients in developing the product has been originated in Australia, it means that the product has been proceed to be the end good so that it is ready for the consumer to use ( Hersey et al. 2013, 1-14). Stimulus generalization and Stimulus discrimination The addition to a known response to stimuli that is similar to the trained stimulus. To stand out in the crowd of the market companies use packaging and presentation this is called stimulus discrimination. Examples of Stimulus generalization is the presentation of Nutella chocolate spread and Hintz chocolate spread. It is difficult to spot the difference in packaging in the two items. Only the labels used are different. Converse is a company that has a patent design of shoes is another example of stimulus generalization where the look and presentation is replicated by many shoe companies ( Jeitschko et al. 2017). In the marketplace, stimulus discrimination can be used in a number of ways. For example: Pepsi and Coco Cola are competitors who sell similar products to the same target market, the point of discrimination is the color of the brand, logo of the brand etc (Wells 2014, 1119-1158). Positioning of the Products Positioning is influencing the perception of the consumer about a particular brand in comparison to the competitors in the industry. Its aim of position a brand or a product is to capture a clear, unique, and beneficial place in the minds of the consumers. In the 1st advertisement, positioning of these pair of sneakers in this advertisement published by Converse brand is youthful and sporty. Converse is a brand that is associated with young people, people who are young at heart and loves colors in their life and is not scared of taking fashion risks in terms of colors. Converse is a brand that is old and has established itself as a generic name for the design of sneakers that they make. In this advertisement the youthfulness is being displayed by the way the shoes are kept ( Ebitu et al. 2012). The prime focus of the ad is the color as before reading the tag line or even noticing the shoe the orange color has been given importance. Orange is a color that constitutes of red which means energy and vigor along with yellow that signifies happiness and cheerfulness. The culmination of these two colors give sets the stage for a frolic mood in the advertisement which instantly gives the viewer an idea of being youthful. Usually sneakers are a ssociated with sportswear and the company wants to break that monotone of the image in placing it in the minds of the customers as a casual wear instead of being sporty or used for sports purpose. In the second print ad of timberland, the company has positioned the brand as a rough and tough item that can meet the harsh and extreme terrain. Hence, the positioning of the sneakers form timber land has an adventurous as well as a rigid positioning strategy. Timberland is a brand that is associated and perceived by the consumers as adventure friendly durable pair of shoes which is also reliable by the consumers to use. In the advertisement what immediately strikes the reader first is the pair of shoes and then the image behind it which complete sets the mood of an adventure trip along with friends. The positioning is again different form the competitors as itself as youthful yet adventurous and reliable. The Advertisement has a red undertone to the ad which expresses energy and excitement as is the image of the people behind the shoes. The positioning base of the products are on the same line but are completely different one another the converse advertisement has a casual frolic approach to it along with it being youthful and fashionable while, the timberland Advertisement is also targeted to the youth but has an adventurous, rough and tough reliable approach in its positioning. It does not position it as a fashionable item but a pair that can survive even on the rough terrain. In both the advertisement the base of positioning is the attribute and the application of the item despite of the same positioning base the difference lies in the product itself and the way it is positioned is different in its own term ( Sirianni et al. 2013, 108-123). Market segmentation The three bases of segmentation that has been utilized by the brands in the above advertisements are as follows: firstly is demographic- the target market of converse is the young people who are college goers and the young adults who take out time to go clubbing or goes out with friends very often ( Anderson and Xiaoqing 2014, 263-272). The age group targeted by the company is in between 16-35. For the timberland and the demographic is the same as converse there are also young people featured in the advertisement. The occupations of the people targeted by both the brands are either young professionals or students (Hampel et al. 2012, 118-127). Secondly behavioral- the color scheme of the converse advertisement show that the shoes are targeted towards people who are fashion conscious and takes risks in terms color and style. Whereas the timberland ad targets people who are adventurous and tourists at heart and loves a fun get out with friends. Both the shoes are unisex and hence the t arget market has a wide perception ( Dey et al. 2014). Thirdly psychographic: the tag line used in the converse advertisement suggest an edgy side of an individual, the term orange is used as a subject gives an idea of creativity and risk taking attitude. While, in the timberland advertisement the color scheme and the tag line shows the rough and tough side of the shoe and depicts the same psychographic characteristic in the target market. An individual who will opt to buy an orange color pair of shoe is a person who gives a lot of thought while dressing up and putting a look together. Whereas the timberland shoes are perfect to wear if a person is on an adventure trip revealing the adventurous side of the target market (Dolnicar 2014, 296-306) Comparison Among the two advertisements the converse ad has more impact on the reader owing all the credit to the color that has been chosen by the company. The company could have used a black background to create dimension in between the background and the foreground but they chose to stick to the color of the pair of shoe as that is what they have tried to draw the attention of the reader. The design of the shoe is the classic converse by the unique color of the product is the USP in this case (Anatasia et al. 2016). On the other hand the timberland advertisement has a lot of elements cramped in the one canvas. The background has three people along with a landscape and the foreground has the pair of shoes which along with the brand name and the tagline. It lacks in capturing the attention of a person and delivering the message. A reader has to carefully go through the ad in order to understand the significance of it and what the company is trying to communicate. The converse advertisement is spot on in its idea and execution whereas the timberland ad lacks creativity and is like any other shoes company advertisement (McAlister et al. 2016). References: Anatasia, Velly, Sunitarya Sunitarya, and Vinda Adriana. 2016. "The Effects Of Advertising Strategies On Consumer Trust: A Case Of Skin Care Products In Taiwan".Binus Business Review7 (2): 125. doi:10.21512/bbr.v7i2.1585. Anderson, Chris K., and Xiaoqing Xie. 2014. "Pricing and market segmentation using opaque selling mechanisms."European Journal of Operational Research233, no. 1: 263-272. Andrews, J. Craig, Chung-Tung Jordan Lin, Alan S. Levy, and Serena Lo. 2014. "Consumer research needs from the food and drug administration on front-of-package nutritional labeling." American Marketing Association. Dey, Debabrata, Atanu Lahiri, and Guoying Zhang. 2014. "Quality Competition and Market Segmentation in the Security Software Market."Mis Quarterly38, no. 2. Dolnicar, Sara, Bettina Grn, Friedrich Leisch, and Kathrin Schmidt. 2014. "Required sample sizes for data-driven market segmentation analyses in tourism."Journal of Travel Research53, no. 3: 296-306. Ebitu, Ezekiel Tom, Patrick Awok Mbum, and Abigail Edem Okon. 2012. "An Exploration Of Emotional Intelligence And Market Segmentation, Targeting And Positioning In Selected Centralbusiness Districts In Nigeria".International Journal Of Marketing Studies4 (3). doi:10.5539/ijms.v4n3p173. Etemad-Sajadi, Reza, and Lassaad Ghachem. 2015. "The Impact Of Hedonic And Utilitarian Value Of Online Avatars On E-Service Quality".Computers In Human Behavior52: 81-86. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.048. Hampel, Stefan, Daniel Heinrich, and Colin Campbell. 2012. "Is An Advertisement Worth The Paper It's Printed On?".Journal Of Advertising Research52 (1): 118-127. doi:10.2501/jar-52-1-118-127. Hersey, James C., Kelly C. Wohlgenant, Joanne E. Arsenault, Katherine M. Kosa, and Mary K. Muth. 2013. "Effects of front?of?package and shelf nutrition labeling systems on consumers."Nutrition reviews71, no. 1: 1-14. Jeitschko, Thomas D., Yeonjei Jung, and Jaesoo Kim. 2017."Bundling and joint marketing by rival firms."Journal of Economics Management Strategy. McAlister, Leigh, Raji Srinivasan, Niket Jindal, and Albert A. Cannella. 2016. "Advertising effectiveness: The moderating effect of firm strategy." American Marketing Association. Sirianni, Nancy J., Mary Jo Bitner, Stephen W. Brown, and Naomi Mandel. 2013. "Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning."Journal of Marketing77, no. 6: 108-123 . Solomon, Michael R. 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Vol. 10. Wells, Victoria K. 2014. "Behavioural psychology, marketing and consumer behaviour: a literature review and future research agenda."Journal of Marketing Management30, no. 11-12: 1119-1158.

Sex In The Bible Essays (1554 words) - Religion,

Sex In The Bible For my book report I chose the topic of sex in the Bible. I thought that it would be a very interesting topic because in many churches discussion of sex and sexuality is taboo. I thought that by reading this book I could become more informed of what the Bible truly says on the subject. I also chose this topic because I felt that it would be easier reading a book about the bible on a topic I was interested in. Most subjects pertaining to the Bible are not interesting to the average teenager, and I felt this book would be fun to read. The name of the book was Sex in the Bible by Michael R. Cosby. Cosby discusses five parts of the bible in which sexual relations are discussed. First he discuses the laws that apply to sex in the Hebrew culture according to the book of Dueteronomy. Secondly he discuses the wisdom advice of the book of proverbs. Cosby then discuses the actual act of sex in the book of songs. Next he writes about the topic of sex and sexuality in the synoptic gospels. Finally he discusses sex in the books of Corinthians and Paul's letters to the Romans. Cosby's goal is to interpret the true beliefs of the early Jews and Christians. The book of Deuteronomy is a book of laws directed for the Hebrew. They are laws given to them by their god Yahweh. The book of Deuteronomy has several rules and laws pertaining to sex. The book was written within a society that was very male oriented. Thus the book makes the assumption that the wife is property of the husband. This did not give the husband the right to treat his wife as a slave, however only he had the option of divorce, and he only had the option of verifying his wife's virginity. The basic two principles behind the laws of sex in Dueteronomy are that: sex was to be only had in the confides of marriage, and that the women must be a virgin going into the marriage. Pertaining to the act of premarital sex, either by free will or by force, the punishment is death by stoning. If it turns out that the women was raped, then that man which committed the crime will be forced to marry the women, and is forbidden to divorce her ever. As far as a women not being pure when she is married, Dueteronomy says that the husband has the right to bring this claim to his new wife's father. If the accusation is true than the women will be stoned to death in front of her father's house. Having an impure daughter was an ultimate disgrace to a father, in that it was his resposibility to prevent that. If the claims turned out to be false then the husband was beat in public and charged one hundred coins to be given to the bride's father. There are also several other topics involving sex that are mentioned Deuteronomy. The act of polygamy is considered an acceptable practice, and in many cases expected. Under Hebrew law if a man died his brother was obligated to take his brother's widowed wife's hand in marriage. If the brother were already married then it would be expected of him to now have two wives. There are two other laws mentioned in Deuteronomy that are seen as sins to Yahweh, but are not punishable by death. Those two acts would be prostitution, and transvestitism (or the act of men dressing like women and vice versa). These acts, although not punishable by death, were seen as sins by God, and anyone who partook in the act of prostitution or transvestitism would be accursed. Moving on, Cosby goes to the book of Proverbs. Proverbs, unlike Dueteronomy, does not dive laws about sex, but rather advice about it. Proverbs is not based on a covenant motif but rather on accumulated wisdom that has resulted from many years of observation. It is similar to Deuteronomy in that it addresses a great number of different aspects of life, but the way it is presented is much different. There is no emphasis on the Hebrew people's covenant with God. In fact proverbs is not specifically written for the Hebrew people, but rather as advice for the people of all nations. The main emphasis in Proverbs is to explain why it is better to stay away from women of poor morals. Proverbs says that there

The Galapagos Affair

The Galapagos Affair The Galapagos Islands are a small chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean off the western coast of Ecuador, to which they belong. Not exactly a paradise, they are rocky, dry and hot, and are home to many interesting species of animals found nowhere else. They are perhaps best known for the Galapagos finches, which Charles Darwin used to inspire his Theory of Evolution. Today, the Islands are a top-notch tourist attraction. Normally sleepy and uneventful, the Galapagos Islands captured the worlds attention in 1934 when they were the site of an international scandal of sex and murder. The Galapagos Islands The Galapagos Islands are named after a sort of saddle which is said to resemble the shells of the giant tortoises that make the islands their home. They were discovered accidentally in 1535 and then promptly ignored until the seventeenth century when they became a regular stopping point for whaling ships looking to take on provisions. The government of Ecuador claimed them in 1832 and no one really disputed it. Some hardy Ecuadorians came out to make a living fishing and others were sent to penal colonies. The Islands big moment came when Charles Darwin visited in 1835 and subsequently published his theories, illustrating them with Galapagos species. Friedrich Ritter and Dore Strauch In 1929, German doctor Friedrich Ritter abandoned his practice and moved to the Islands, feeling he needed a new start in a faraway place. He brought with him one of his patients, Dore Strauch: both of them left spouses behind. They set up a homestead on Floreana Island and worked very hard there, moving heavy lava rocks, planting fruits and vegetables and raising chickens. They became international celebrities: the rugged doctor and his lover, living on a far-off island. Many people came to visit them, and some intended to stay, but the hard life on the islands eventually drove most of them off. The Wittmers Heinz Wittmer arrived in 1931 with his teenage son and pregnant wife Margret. Unlike the others, they remained, setting up their own homestead with some help from Dr. Ritter. Once they were established, the two German families apparently had little contact with one another, which seems to be how they liked it. Like Dr. Ritter and Ms. Strauch, the Wittmers were rugged, independent and enjoyed occasional visitors but mostly kept to themselves. The Baroness The next arrival would change everything. Not long after the Wittmers came, a party of four arrived on Floreana, led by Baroness Eloise Wehrborn de Wagner-Bosquet, an attractive young Austrian. She was accompanied by her two German lovers, Robert Philippson and Rudolf Lorenz, as well as an Ecuadorian, Manuel Valdivieso, presumably hired to do all the work. The flamboyant Baroness set up a small homestead, named it Hacienda Paradise and announced her plans to build a grand hotel. An Unhealthy Mix The Baroness was a true character. She made up elaborate, grand stories to tell the visiting yacht captains, went about wearing a pistol and a whip, seduced the Governor of Galapagos and anointed herself Queen of Floreana. After her arrival, yachts went out of their way to visit Floreana; everyone sailing the Pacific wanted to be able to boast of an encounter with the Baroness. However, she did not get along well with the others. The Wittmers managed to ignore her but Dr. Ritter despised her. Deterioration The situation quickly deteriorated. Lorenz apparently fell out of favor, and Philippson started beating him. Lorenz started spending a lot of time with the Wittmers until the Baroness would come and get him. There was a prolonged drought, and Ritter and Strauch began to quarrel. Ritter and the Wittmers became angry when they began to suspect that the Baroness was stealing their mail and badmouthing them to visitors, who repeated everything to the international press. Things turned petty. Philippson stole the Ritters donkey one night and turned it loose in the Wittmers garden. In the morning, Heinz shot it, thinking it feral. The Baroness Goes Missing Then on March 27, 1934, the Baroness and Philippson disappeared. According to Margret Wittmer, the Baroness appeared at the Wittmer home and said that some friends had arrived on a yacht and were taking them to Tahiti. She said she left everything they werent taking with them to Lorenz. The Baroness and Philippson departed that very day and were never heard from again. A Fishy Story There are problems with the Wittmers story, however. No one else remembers any ship coming in that week, and the Baroness and Wittmer never turned up in Tahiti. Additionally, they left behind almost all of their things, including ( according to Dore Strauch) items that the Baroness would have wanted on even a very short journey. Strauch and Ritter apparently believed that the two were murdered by Lorenz and the Wittmers helped cover it up. Strauch also believed that the bodies were burned, as acacia wood (available on the island) burns hot enough to destroy even bone. Lorenz Disappears Lorenz was in a hurry to get out of Galapagos and he convinced a Norwegian fisherman named Nuggerud to take him first to Santa Cruz Island and from there to San Cristobal Island, where he could catch a ferry to Guayaquil. They made it to Santa Cruz but disappeared between Santa Cruz and San Cristà ³bal. Months later, the mummified, desiccated bodies of both men were found on Marchena Island. There was no clue as to how they got there. Incidentally, Marchena is in the northern part of the Archipelago and not anywhere near Santa Cruz or San Cristà ³bal. The Strange Death of Dr. Ritter The strangeness did not end there. In November of the same year, Dr. Ritter died, apparently of food poisoning due to eating some poorly-preserved chicken. This is odd firstly because Ritter was a vegetarian (although apparently not a strict one). Also, he was a veteran of island living, and certainly capable of telling when some preserved chicken had gone bad. Many believed that Strauch had poisoned him, as his treatment of her had gotten much worse. According to Margret Wittmer, Ritter himself blamed Strauch. Wittmer wrote that he cursed her in his dying words. Unsolved Mysteries Three dead, two missing over the course of a few months. The Galapagos Affair as it came to be known is a mystery that has puzzled historians and visitors to the islands ever since. None of the mysteries have been solved. The Baroness and Philippson never turned up, Dr. Ritters death is officially an accident and no one has any clue how Nuggerud and Lorenz got to Marchena. The Wittmers remained on the islands and became wealthy years later when tourism boomed: their descendants still own valuable land and businesses there. Dore Strauch returned to Germany and wrote a book, fascinating not only for the sordid tales of the Galapagos affair but for its look at the hard life of the early settlers. There will likely never be any real answers. Margret Wittmer, last of those who really knew what happened, stuck to her story about the Baroness going to Tahiti until her own death in 2000. Wittmer often hinted that she knew more than she was telling, but its hard to know if she really did or if she just enjoyed tantalizing tourists with hints and innuendos. Strauchs book doesnt shed much light on things: she is adamant that Lorenz killed the Baroness and Philippson but has no proof other than her own (and supposedly Dr. Ritters) gut feelings. Source Boyce, Barry. A Travelers Guide to the Galapagos Islands. San Juan Bautista: Galapagos Travel, 1994.

Aristotle and the Appeal to Reason,the author refers to topos Assignment

Aristotle and the Appeal to Reason,the author refers to topos - Assignment Example Topoi are referred to various categories that help to delineate different relationship among ideas. In those important group of â€Å"topoi† within the Rhetoric, certain instruction for arguments are contained that does not pertain to a certain form but it come with a certain predicament. While those â€Å"topoi† material are still used in argument building, there is also implementation of â€Å"topos† in the context where the non-argumentative persuasion is implemented. Modern writers and students widely use and are benefited by the topos. The topos in the present context is used for placing on things such as scientific facts, statistics and various other hard evidences. Classical rhetoricians viewed topos as the area of investigation and inquiry which is envisaged in the present context purely in the domain of logic. Topos is used in present academic domain to develop syllogism, find contradictions and cater various needs of logical development and inquiry. A good argumentative essay has number of benefits and positive aspects. It helps to come to a conclusion through logical interpretation and syllogistic contention. The framework of an argumentative essay is always strong. There are always less lacunas or vague propositions in an argumentative essay. There are logic and space for points on both the sides. The book â€Å"To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments† is a series of essays that presents such strong argumentative and short essays that cater issues ranging from cell phones to terrorism. This is also an effective point that can be displayed for the support of the argumentative essay. Argumentative essays can be written on any facets of life and can cater a wide range of topic under broad heads. Affirmative or negative essays limit the space for cognition but with argumentative essay more and more cognitive ideas can be implemented. Since the ancient period, the arguments